ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

To read the full abstract: Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 2018; 29 (7): 455-467

Interestingly, although NNS were developed to decrease energy intakes, there are no epidemiological studies showing that NNS consumption is associated with lower risk of obesity. However, it has to be kept in mind that a major problem in such studies is reverse causality. Overweight people choose NNS to help lose weight.

The present review of the available literature shows that NNS consumption is significantly associated with higher not lower body weight, and in particular with larger waist circumference. NNS stimulate the secretion of insulin and incretins, and are able to alter the gut microbiome. Some studies show that NNS stimulate the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. Furthermore, NNS influence nutrient sensing by the brain. Since exposure to NNS in children and adolescents often occurs inadvertently, for example via NNS in tooth paste, medication, and even breast milk, it is difficult to precise assess the amount and type of NNS exposure. However, since NNS is so widely used in processed foods, it is of exceptional importance to further study its effects on human health. Such studies should also consider the possible influence of NNS on bone mass and reproductive function.