ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

A selection of papers with high impact challenging current knowledge and practice in pediatric thyroidology were published during the last year. On the molecular level, the proof of intracellular compartmentalization of the TSH/TSHR signaling cascade changes our view on TSH/TSHR signaling adding an new level of regulation. On the hormonal level, the fact that thyroid hormones regulate cardiac function and metabolic activity mainly by a noncanonical thyroid hormone receptor independent way provides new insights how thyroid hormones are acting in different target tissues to fulfill physiological functions. Finally, new long-term data on school performance of offspring of mothers with thyroid disease during pregnancy extends our knowledge on the effect of the whole spectrum of severity of hypo- and hyperthyroidism in the first trimester. The outcome was identical in offspring in all groups, providing reassurance for pregnant women with thyroid diseases. Alongside these three papers, this chapter aims at giving an overview on relevant thyroid papers published from July 2017 to June 2018.