ESPEYB16 5. Bone, Growth Plate and Mineral Metabolism Basic Science - Growth Plate (3 abstracts)
5.13. Differential aging of growth plate cartilage underlies differences in bone length and thus helps determine skeletal proportions
Lui JC , Jee YH , Garrison P , Iben JR , Yue S , Ad M , Nguyen Q , Kikani B , Wakabayashi Y & Baron J
Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Abstract: PLoS Biol. 2018 Jul 23;16(7):e2005263.
In brief: In this article, Lui et al, make important observations related to the fundamental limits of longitudinal bone growth implicating the growth plate senescence program as a major regulator of bone size.
Comment: A person’s right and left arms almost always grow to the same length, but we still don’t know why. These authors make key observations related to this fundamental question by comparing developmental changes of growth plates from large and small bones. They find that the same functional, structural, and molecular senescent changes occur in all growth plates, but that these changes occur earlier in growth plates of smaller bones (metacarpals, phalanges) than in growth plates of larger bones (femurs, tibias) and that this differential aging partly explains the differences in final length of the bones. In addition, they identify critical paracrine regulatory pathways, including insulin-like growth factor (Igf), bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp), and Wingless and Int-1 (Wnt) signaling that act in concert to limit growth during development.
During evolution a striking difference in lengths between bones has been achieved and the current study indicates that this is achieved by modulating the progression of the growth plate senescence program. The corollaries of these findings are that the adult size of each bone is controlled by the progression of the growth plate senescence program, which means that we now have an improved understanding of why my left arm is almost exactly as long as my right arm.
Volume 16
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ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology
ISSN 1662-4009 (Online)
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