ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

Introduction: Over the last year, the most important advances in pediatric thyroidology were made in the field of pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer. Two articles provided evidence for the importance of molecular diagnostics for outcome prediction and targeted therapies in children with radioactive iodine refractory disease. A large long-term study reported for the first time on risk of secondary malignancies in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated with radioactive iodine. New fundamental data elucidated the T3 mediated mechanisms of hepatocyte differentiation and interactions of thyrocytes, thyroid stromal microenvironment and immune cells during Hashimoto thyroiditis. Several clinical studies add to current knowledge on congenital hypothyroidism and will result in more individualized treatments. Last but not least, new guidelines for treatment of pediatric Graves’ disease provide a concise summary of recommendations for optimal care of this patient group.