ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

To read the full abstract: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(4):1330-1341Glucocorticoids exert an inverted U-shaped influence on human cognition, particularly on acquiring and consolidating memory (25), whereas androgens have an overall beneficial effect on cognitive control, verbal memory, and spatial cognition in humans (26). Although previous studies in patients with CAH have con...

To read the full abstract: JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171:1176-1183Adolescence is certainly the most difficult age for reaching T1DM treatment and HbA1c goals. In this age group, most patients have deteriorated metabolic control, and higher risk for acute complications, such as severe hypoglycemia and DKA. Getting into therapeutic contact is very hard in this period of life for diabetes teams ...

To read the full abstract: Nature 2018;555:647-651An important model system in evolutionary developmental biology (‘evo-devo’) are the surface dwelling (surface fish) and cave adapted (cavefish) morphs which differ in numerous traits. Cavefish is a generic term for fresh water fish adapted to life in caves and other underground habitats. Living in darkness, pigmentation and eyes are use...

To read the full abstract: J Pediatr 2018;196:208-216.e2Insulin deficiency or resistance activates intracellular hormone-sensitive lipase; this increases the release of non-esterified fatty acids from triglycerides stored in centrally distributed adipose tissue. High circulating levels of non-esterified fatty acids increase hepatic triglyceride synthesis, which in turn increases secretion o...

To read the full abstract: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5:853-63 This prospective, randomized trial investigates the benefits of iodine supplementation (200 mcg per day) in pregnant women from Thailand and India on the neurological development of their children. Iodine readily crosses the placenta and is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones by the fetal thyroid gland. In add...

To read the full abstract: Sci. Signal. 2018;11:eaap9415Women are more frequently affected by autoimmune disorders than men. A role for estrogen was suggested by the observation that the development of inflammatory bowel disease was associated with oral contraceptive use. Women also respond to infection and vaccination with higher antibody production and a T helper 2 (TH2) cell&#8211...

To read the full abstract: Science 2018;359:424-428This ground-breaking study shows that your genetic make-up may influence your appearance, behaviour and health risks, not only by acting directly on your biology, but also indirectly, through the effects on your parents and how they cared and “nurtured” you. Such parental effects are obvious for very early life traits, su...

Brief summary: Over the last decades changing incidences for autoimmune diseases have been observed. However, no data are available so far on long-term trends, incidence over the whole age spectrum (child, adults, geriatric patients), and incidence of co-occurrence of the different autoimmune diseases. The presented study provides an extensive population-based cohort study performed in the UK.The authors used electronic health care records of 22 million ...

In Brief: The authors use cell-tracing of Axin2-positive chondroprogenitor cells in the resting zone during and after food restriction to demonstrate that nutrient availability influences the balance between accumulation and differentiation of resting zone chondrocytes and that this is influenced by Igf-1.Commentary: Catch-up growth is the rapid growth that occurs after growth-inhibiting conditions have been cured or removed. The molecular mechanism for ...

Brief summary: This multicentre retrospective cohort study evaluated testicular structure in 101 boys aged <14 years with solid tumors, CNS tumors, leukemia/lymphoma, or non-malignant hematological disorders, who were admitted for a fertility preservation programme between 2002 and 2018.The aim of the study was to clarify a possible role of the disease itself on the risk of infertility, independently of cancer therapies. Clinical data, testicular vol...