ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

Brief summary: This prospective longitudinal study of childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) analysed areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and alterations of bone microstructure in 49 young adult male patients with childhood-onset IBD, compared to 249 controls from the same region and matched for age, sex and height.Dual x-ray-absorptiometry (DXA) is routinely used in clinical practice to evaluate aBMD and the related risk of fracture, but it is u...

Brief summary: This Iranian open label, quasi-experimental and matched controlled clinical trial included 59 girls with stage III–IV chronic kidney disease (CKD), short stature and delayed puberty. Patients were treated with GH (mean dose 0.05 mg/kg/day) and Ethinyl Estradiol (EE). Initial EE dose was 5 μg/day orally, doubled every 3–6 months to a maximum dose before growth plate closure 30 μg/day, and then increased gradually up to 500 μg/day. EE ther...

Brief summary: This single-centre retrospective study evaluated cortisol responses during febrile episodes in children with cancer. Low cortisol responses were common and were unrelated to current steroid therapy.Random serum cortisol and ACTH were measured in 75 children and adolescents with cancer while admitted for fever during chemotherapy; 47/75 patients received glucocorticoids as part of their treatment (steroid group). A low cortisol response (LC...

Brief summary: This commentary discusses the implications of the recent licensing of Teplizumab by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first immunosuppressant for individuals at risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D).The approval of Teplizumab by the FDA in November 2022, as an intervention to delay the onset of stage 3 T1D (clinical T1D) in adults and children aged 8 or older who have stage 2 T1D (two or more islets autoantibodies and dysglycemia but ...

Brief summary: This ‘Letter to the Editor’ provides a critical review on how behavioural and physiological aspects of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and its management can interfere with standard principles of good quality and duration of sleep.Quality of sleep is important for general human functioning, cognitive performance, emotional well-being, as well as immune function and cardiovascular health (1). The benefits of optimal sleep apply to everyone ...

Brief summary: This paper reviews the associations between cellular iron, ferroptosis and diabetes. It also explores the therapeutic potential of ferroptosis inhibitors in the treatment of diabetic complications.Comment: Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is characterized by the decreased capacity of antioxidants and the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS).1 This, in turn, causes oxidative damage to cell membran...

Brief summary: In this meta-analysis, data of 2030 patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) extracted from 25 studies were reanalyzed for reversal of GHD on GH retesting. The reversibility of IGHD varied depending on GH retest cut-offs and testing time-point/age. Higher GH cut-offs and earlier testing resulted in lower GHD reversal rate, but even with a cut-off of 7.7–10 ng/mL the reversal rate was 55%, and retesting before final height revealed also a re...

Thyroid. 2020;30:1732–1744. doi: 10.1089/thy.2019.0825.This study is of importance, revealing a relevant clinical problem in patients under long-term levothyroxine (LT4) substitution and challenging the concept that all hypothyroid patients can be well controlled with LT4 monotherapy.Lacámara et al. present a small but elegant clinical study describi...

To read the full abstract: Diabetes. 2020 Mar;69(3):477–483. doi: 10.2337/db19-1029. Epub 2019 Dec 27. PMID: 31882561Endoplasmic recticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in the etiology of several forms of diabetes mellitus. There is evidence that ER stress plays a role in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. More importantly molecular defects in the ER stress pathway are linked to monoge...

To read the full abstract: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104:5765–5779.It is not clear whether retesting is needed for a healthy cotwin of a twin pair discordant for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) at the first neonatal screening. Medda et al. retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 47 twin pairs discordant for CH at the first neonatal screening. On follow-up, 7 (15%) of cotwins who were initially negatively screened then tested positi...