ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

Preface: For this year’s chapter, we searched PubMed for articles on ‘adrenal’ or ‘steroidogenesis’ published in English between June 1, 2021 and May 31, 2022. Our search yielded more than 5,000 citations. We examined all citations individually and selected the following collection of basic research and clinical articles. Whenever possible, we have avoided topics that have been discussed in the Yearbook 2021, unless progress in the field has been incremental. Emerging themes for this year’s chapter include: i) The developmental origin and the specification of the adrenal cortex in humans and cynomolgus monkeys; ii) Corticosterone induces discrete epigenetic signatures in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus that depend upon sex and genotype: focus on methylated NR3C1 gene; iii) A multi-classifier system to identify and subtype congenital adrenal hyperplasia based on circulating steroid hormones; iv) Crinecerfont lowers elevated hormone markers in adults with 21-hydroxylase deficiency Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia; and v) results from two phase 2 studies of Tildacerfont in adults with classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.