ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

Preface: Globally, new incidences of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in children and adolescents were estimated as 41 600 in 2021. The first report of a cohort of prepubertal children with T2DM confirms increased prevalence of severe obesity and insulin resistance. The spreading of T2DM worldwide and in young children is seriously alarming. Thirteen years, on average, after initial diagnoses of T2DM, incidence rates for hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetic kidney disease and retinopath...

Preface: This is the year of COVID-19. Although fortunately children and adolescents with diabetes are not reported as a high risk group, the course of disease in adults serves as an important lesson of the importance of good glycaemic control in acute illness (12.1).Studies on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in children and adolescents continue to be published, thus verifying that T2DM is a global problem. A study on the prevalence of T2DM from...

Preface: The increasing prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is well established, and includes new at-risk groups, such as children with attention deficit syndrome. It has become clear that T2DM in adolescents is more aggressive than in adults, and studies by the RISE consortium have clarified the basis of this difference. Treatment with subcutaneous liraglutide holds promise for adolescents with T2DM. Furthermore, this year the FDA approved artificial intelligence to diagnose...

To read the full abstract: Hum Genet. 2018; 137(11–12): 955–960.Patients with Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) suffer from multiple comorbidities, including mental illness. Studies that investigated the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with CAH showed that any psychiatric diagnosis were more common in CAH subjects compared with population controls. In p...

To read the full abstract: Int J Obes (2005) 2018; 42(11):1834–1844This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary expert workshop to identify current knowledge and more importantly current gaps in knowledge on the epidemiological and biopsychosocial determinants of obesity and its optimal treatment approaches.Childhood obesity is a global ...

Nature Digital Medicine 2018;1:39.DOI: 10.1038/s41746-018-0040-6Summary: This prospective observational study evaluated the performance of a diabetic retinopathy diagnostic system (IDx-DR) compared to the gold standard diagnostic for diabetic retinopathy. Nine hundred individuals with diabetes but without a history of diabetic retinopathy were examined. Re...

To read the full abstract: Diabetes Care. 2017;40:1644-1650Exercise is thought to lead to more stable metabolic control but may also be associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia. The selection of sport disciplines does not differ between youngsters with diabetes and their healthy siblings. Also, patients with diabetes are not restricted in respect to their sporting activities but seem to enga...

To read the full abstract: Hum Mol Genet. 2017; 26(18): 3600-3614X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is caused by genetic mutations in the ABCD1 gene coding for a peroxisomal transmembrane protein responsible for the metabolism of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA). It manifests with a broad phenotype mainly involving the peripheral and central nervous system and the adrenals. However, the exact pa...

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106: e1002–e1013. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33141175/This cross-sectional study applied a commonly used system to classify reproductive aging (Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop +10 or ‘STRAW +10’) to 338 adolescents and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors (1). The study aimed to evaluate if STRAW +10 correctly identifies premature ovaria...

To read the full abstract: Science 2017:eaao1807Consanguinity is common in some modern cultures. This study examined the question whether ancient humans, who often had limited choices of mates, bred among close relatives. Here, Sikora et al. report genome sequences from 4 early humans buried close together in western Russia about 34,000 years ago. The individuals ...