ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

Brief summary: This translational study evaluated mRNA expression of hypothalamic neuroglial markers in two transgenic mice with either enhanced or reduced consensual GH-IGF-1 signaling and in Hepatocyte-specific GH receptor (GHR) knockout male mice, with high GH circulating-levels and low IGF-1 concentrations. The study demonstrated a direct action of GH on neuroinflammation, independently of IGF-1 levels.Although the brain is not considered a classical...

Diabetes Care. 2021 Apr 26:dc202308. doi: 10.2337/dc20-2308. PMID: 33905344.In brief: The multicenter SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study assessed cognitive function in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (n=1095) or T2DM (n=285). Mean age was 21.6±5.1 years and mean diabetes duration 11.0±3.4 years. Having T2DM was associated wit...

Lusc0001@umn.edu Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022, 30(5):1105–1115. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23395Brief Summary: This 52-week randomised placebo-controlled trial showed that exenatide XR improves stabilisation of BMI reduction after lifestyle intervention in adolescents with obesity.Maintaining weight loss after an in...

To read the full abstract: JAMA Pediatr. 2019 Aug 5;173(10):e192430. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2430.The authors systematically reviewed published evidence on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 2–13 years. Based on data on 477 620 children from 28 European countries, they conclude that the prevalence is very high but appears to have stabilized in ...

To read the full abstract: Nat Commun 2019;10:163.Central estrogen signaling via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) coordinates energy expenditure, reproduction and, in concert with peripheral estrogen, impacts skeletal homeostasis. Here, the authors showed that eliminating ERα in kisspeptin arcuate nucleus neurons resulted in high bone mass phenotype in female mice only.<p clas...

To read the full abstract: Science 2018;362(6416) eaau5324The hypothalamus is a highly complex region, which receives many inputs from several other brain regions and also from the periphery. It is the site of synthesis of many neuropeptides that act as neurotransmitters or via the systemic circulation (in blood). Hypothalamic nuclei are typically defined by their exact anatomical locati...

To read the full abstract: Science. 2018;362(6411).Here, developmental regulation of deiodinases DIO2 and DIO3 were identified as main regulators of thyroid hormone dependent sequential cone subtype specification in human retinal organoids. Either complete loss of thyroid hormone signaling or non-physiologically high thyroid hormone levels completely suppressed either medium and long wav...

To read the full abstract: Pediatrics. 2018;14. pii: e20173349On social media, parents of children with T1DM can find several sources that recommend ‘low carb diets’. Especially on lay community websites, such diets are recommended to eliminate blood glucose spikes and improve metabolic control. On the other hand, parents should be aware that the risk for hypoglycemia and especially ...

To read the full abstract: Int J Obes (Lond). 2018 Jan;42(1):102-107This cohort of n=50 adolescents who underwent bariatric surgery is highly important, since such long-term follow-up data are rare. Until today, only this study cohort described here by Ryder et al. and the Swedish nationwide study (AMOS) of adolescents with severe obesity who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (3) hav...

Brief summary: Using human induced pluripotent stem cells as well as transgenic mouse models, this paper shows that MKRN3 could initiate pubertal onset by regulating hypothalamic development and plasticity.The reactivation of GnRH secretion at puberty is thought to result from a loss in inhibitory input together with an increase in transactivation onto GnRH neurons. The main component of this inhibitory tone was incompletely understood until the discover...