ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

To read the full abstract: PLoS Med. 2019 Oct 1;16(10):e1002926. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002926.The authors analysed a huge dataset from the Chinese national programme of preconception health checks, which include measurements of fasting plasma glucose. Overall, 13.15% (n =847,737) had impaired fasting glucose and 1.18% (n =76,297 women) had diabetes, of whom only...

To read the full abstract: JAMA. 2019 Oct 15;322(15):1515–1517. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.12925.The authors merged data from separate national Swedish registers for births and obesity surgery and identified 2921 women who had a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery between 2007 to 2014 (‘cases’) and subsequent pregnancies. Controls were identified as women without bariatric surgery ...

To read the full abstract: PLoS Med. 2019 Aug 20;16(8):e1002871. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002871.Women (n =16,395; 26% overweight or obese) from the ELFE French national birth cohort were categorised into 3 groups by self-reported weight change during the year before pregnancy: weight loss >5 kg; stable weight; and weight gain >5 kg.Among women with B...

To read the full abstract: PLoS Med. 2019 Aug 6;16(8):e1002848. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002848.This systematic review identified 28 randomised trials (n =3976 women) of metformin vs. insulin for treatment for gestational diabetes. Metformin use was associated with lower birth weights (overall mean difference −107.7 g), lower ponderal indices, and lower odds of macros...

To read the full abstract: Pediatr Obes. 2019 Dec;14(12):e12564. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12564.In an experimental setting, the authors asked 53 adults to dispense infant milk formula powder for three servings of 2, 4, 6, and 8 fl oz (57, 113, 170 and 226 grams, respectively) bottles, in random order. Remarkably, only 19% of bottles contained the recommended amount of formula powder. The large majorit...

To read the full abstract: JAMA Pediatr. 2019 Oct 21;173(12):1137–45. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3544.The authors describe a randomised controlled trial to decrease risks of sensitization to cow’s milk protein by avoiding supplementation with cow’s milk formula at birth. The trial included 330 newborns in Japan, where the practice of supplementing breastfeedin...

To read the full abstract: Obes Rev. 2019 Nov;20(11):1523–1541. doi: 10.1111/obr.12923.This is a thoughtful position statement by a number of leading obesity researchers and statisticians. They draw attention to 10 errors that are common in the scientific literature: 1. Using self-reported outcomes and ‘teaching to the test’ (achieving better scores simply by repeat testing); 2. L...

To read the full abstract: Lancet. 2019 Aug 17;394(10198):587–595. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31255-3.These authors previously described that the measurement of copeptin, a peptide cleaved in the posterior pituitary from the protein precursor of vasopressin and stable in circulation, is an accurate tool to diagnose diabetes insipidus (DI; vasopressin insufficiency). However, the...

To read the full abstract: JAMA Pediatr. 2019 Aug 5;173(10):e192430. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2430.The authors systematically reviewed published evidence on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 2–13 years. Based on data on 477 620 children from 28 European countries, they conclude that the prevalence is very high but appears to have stabilized in ...

To read the full abstract: Demography 2020;57:195–220.These authors examined the long-term consequences for children of the emotional bond between parents. In a long-term Nepalese cohort, they find that children whose parents report strong marital affection and less spousal conflict attain higher levels of education and marry later than children whose parents behave differently.The evolutionary theory of socialization...

To read the full abstract: Science 2019;365:386–392.By genetically engineering mice, the authors deleted the enzyme dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (DES1), which normally inserts a conserved double bond into the backbone of ceramides. Ablation of DES1 from whole animals or tissue-specific deletion in the liver and/or adipose tissue resolved hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice caused by leptin deficiency or obesogenic diets<p c...

To read the full abstract: Clinical Endocrinology 2020;92:434–442.The authors developed and applied questionnaires to capture various aspects of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and psychosocial functioning in a large cohort of adult women with Turner syndrome (TS). Women with TS reported a lower HR-QoL, perceived more stress and experienced increased fatigue compared to the general population. They found a relationship between HR-Qo...

To read the full abstract: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2019;104:5073–5083.On a similar theme to paper 15.12, these authors studied women with Turner syndrome (TS; n =200), age range 16–78 years, between 1995 and 2018 with a focus on the impact of growth hormone (GH) therapy on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Despite a mean 5.7 cm increase in expected height, GH therapy was not associated wit...

To read the full abstract: npj Science of Learning 2019;4:1–7.To investigate the early biology of mathematics ability, these authors tested for gender differences in the neural processes of mathematics in young children using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Across all analyses, they found similar neural functioning between genders, indicating that boys and girls engage the same neural system during mathematics development....

To read the full abstract: Science 2019;365:eaat7693.These authors performed a genome-wide association study on 493 001 participants of European-ancestry from the USA, UK, and Sweden to identify genes associated with sexual orientation. They found multiple loci implicated in same-sex sexual behavior indicating that, like other behavioral traits, non-heterosexual behavior is polygenic.As many as 4% to 10% of US individuals ...

To read the full abstract: Cell Metabolism 2019;30:952–962. e5.These authors report that high-fat diet (HFD) in mice induces a dynamic increase in uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2) mRNA expression in hypothalamic microglia. Ucp2 is required for HFD-induced mitochondrial changes in hypothalamic microglia and for HFD-induced inflammation, obesity, and POMC synaptic plasticity.The brain plays a major role in the regulation of ...

To read the full abstract: The FASEB Journal 2019;33:12680–12695.These authors conditionally deleted the IGF1 receptor gene (IGF1R) in tenocytes using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre-recombinase system and then stimulated plantaris tendon growth in adult mice via mechanical loading. Mice that lacked IGF1R in their tenocytes showed reduced cell proliferation and tendon growth in response to mechanical loading. These studies indicate that IGF1 sign...

To read the full abstract: This genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 16,992 cases of anorexia nervosa and 55 525 controls identified 8 significant loci. The findings show that the genetic architecture of anorexia nervosa mirrors its clinical features, showing significant genetic correlations with psychiatric disorders (obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia), physical activity, and metabolic (including glycemic), lipid and anthropometric trait...